The influence of bioclimate on soil microbial communities of cork oak

Background: Soil microbiomes are important to maintain soil processes in forests and confer protection to plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. These microbiomes can be afected by environmental changes. In this work, soil microbial communities from diferent cork oak Portuguese forests under diferent edaphoclimatic conditions were described by using a metabarcoding strategy targeting ITS2 and 16S barcodes.
Results: A total of 11,974 fungal and 12,010 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained, revealing rich and diverse microbial communities associated with diferent cork oak forests. Bioclimate was described as the major factor infuencing variability in these communities (or bioclimates/cork oak forest for fungal community), followed by boron and granulometry. Also, pH explained variation of fungal communities, while C:N ratio contributed to bacterial variation. Fungal and bacterial biomarker genera for specifc bioclimates were described. Their co-occurrence network revealed the existence of a complex and delicate balance among microbial communities.
Conclusions: The fndings revealed that bacterial communities are more likely to be afected by diferent edaphoclimatic conditions than fungal communities, also predicting a higher impact of climate change on bacterial communities. The integration of cork oak fungal and bacterial microbiota under diferent bioclimates could be further explored to provide information about useful interactions for increasing cork oak forest sustainability in a world subject to
climate changes.